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London neurosurgeons have successfully performed the world’s first brain tumor removal surgery in which artificial intelligence (AI) provided real-time assistance during the operation, marking a major breakthrough in neurosurgery.
The pioneering procedure was carried out in May 2026 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, part of University College London Hospitals (UCLH).
The patient, 48-year-old Rhys Hibbert from Bedfordshire, had an 11mm non-cancerous tumor on his pituitary gland that was threatening his eyesight.
During the operation, the AI system analysed live video footage from the surgical field and highlighted critical structures, including nerves and blood vessels, helping surgeons identify areas that needed to be avoided.
The surgical team remained fully in control throughout the procedure.
The AI technology was developed by researchers at University College London and trained using hundreds of videos of previous brain surgeries.
It can recognise important anatomy, surgical instruments and interactions between instruments and tissue in real time.
Hibbert had been diagnosed in 2024 after suffering a seizure. As his symptoms worsened, his vision was increasingly affected, and doctors warned that the tumor could eventually cause blindness.
Following the surgery, his sight was preserved and he recovered quickly, returning to work after the operation.
The procedure was conducted as part of a clinical trial funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Research.
Experts say the achievement demonstrates the potential of AI to improve precision and safety in highly complex neurosurgical procedures.